なぜ電池の未来はリチウムなのか?
I frequently hear complaints about batteries being insufficiently good—that is, costing too much, not holding enough energy, or taking too long to charge. 要約すれば, they are unable to supply the energy needed for daily household demands or to supplement solar panels in an automobile.
What’s interesting is that I concur with every critique. But I’m also confident that these issues will be resolved in the upcoming years as a result of the use of novel materials and chemistries and fierce rivalry among battery producers. Better batteries, in my opinion, will also result in the electrification of trucks, バス, and an increasing amount of air and sea transportation in addition to vehicles.
These batteries will be utilized concurrently by our homes, companies, and grids as a component of decentralized energy systems. And the element lithium will probably serve as the foundation for all of these batteries.
Is Lithium the Battery of the Future?
It is easy to think ofリチウムイオン電池as the batteries with the power to alter the course of history. In several consumer goods and the electric cars produced by Tesla and other multinational corporations, they are now the go-to batteries.
There are still certain issues with this battery that need to be resolved, even though these batteries have a lot of potential to solve many problems in the future.
まず始めに, compared to conventional batteries, Lithium metal electrodes generate a higher energy density. It has said that, 樹状突起, or structures resembling fingers, may form on lithium metal electrodes and may be the cause of the battery’s final short circuit.
By substituting a carbon electrode containing lithium ions for the lithium metal electrode, the issue was lessened. 結果として, lithium-ion batteries were developed, but with a lower energy storage capacity than batteries that use a lithium metal electrode.
One other issue that has been brought up a lot with Lithium-ion batteries is their propensity to burst or catch fire when damaged. This has occurred with laptops and cell phones.
This is exactly what might start a severe fire—if these batteries are broken, the energy within them will be released rapidly and for a brief period of time.
それにもかかわらず, since lithium-ion batteries have the potential to transform the world, their benefits cannot be understated. Its great energy density is one of the major pros of this technology. さらに, contrasted to other rechargeable cells, there is a substantially reduced self-discharge among lithium-ion batteries.
さらに, the optimal functioning of Lithium-ion batteries requires relatively little maintenance. They come in a range of varieties and do not require priming on the initial charge.
Certain Lithium-ion batteries are ideal for consumer electronics due to their high current density, while other batteries offer high current levels that make them suitable for power tools and electric cars.
アンペア数は、リチウム電池の充電速度に大きな影響を与えます。, 他の充電式バッテリーと同じように. すでに述べたように, リチウムは鉛酸よりもはるかに高い潜在的な充電速度を持っています. これはリチウムの内部抵抗の減少によって引き起こされます。. 鉛蓄電池で使用できるのは、 “バルク” 0.3Cのレートで充電, または 30% 彼らの能力の, その後、さらに長く続く可能性のある吸収段階を経る必要があります. 比較して, リチウム電池は可能です “バルク” .8Cで充電, または 80% 彼らの能力の. これは、一部のリチウム電池所有者がより強力な電池を搭載することを奨励した要因の 1 つでした。, 大型のACバッテリー充電器, のように 60 または 80 アンプデバイス. さらに, 多くの家の屋根にソーラーパネルが設置されている理由がこれで説明できます.
Improved Materials
Due to its exceptional light weight and lowest reduction potential among all chemical elements, lithium is a substance that makes batteries based on it function unmatched. The US Geological Survey estimates that there is enough lithium in the earth to last 400 年, which is another benefit.
Lithium-ion battery is the most widely used type of リチウム電池. They are the preferred rechargeable battery for power tools, 携帯電話, コンピュータ, and increasingly, 電気自動車 (EV) due to their unparalleled blend of increased energy and power density. It has said that, lithium-ion batteries come in a lot of forms.
Dispersing Silicon
One of the more intriguing options is to employ silicon, which is less expensive and has the potential to be ten times more energy dense than graphite, in place of the lithium-ion battery’s current anode. Remember that I stated theoretical since silicon has a short lifespan due to its rapid degradation.
The good news is that a lot of companies, including Wacker Chemie and Nexeon, are working to find a solution for this problem. 実際には, it’s commonly thought that Panasonic and Tesla have already started adding silicon to the anode side of their new Model 3 電池. Other technological advancements might include switching from the battery’s present liquid electrolyte, one of its essential components, to a solid electrolyte, which would increase energy density and be safer. All of these adjustments will take time, けれど.
